Materials with tessellations can, for example, be characterized by an outstanding electrical conductivity, a special light reflection, or an extreme mechanical strength. But microstructured parquetings, or rather tessellations, may occur in materials as well. Consensus among members is used when there is a paucity of evidence.Įach category was led by a separate writing group, composed of a small group of experts in that domain of medical imaging and 3D printing.Floor parquetings are typically found in living rooms. This work is loosely modeled after the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria® in that the guidelines committee uses an evidence-based approach at scoring. These documents highlight appropriateness of medical 3D printing for clinical utilization, research, scientific, and informational purposes. The Special Interest Group has initiated the quality and safety scholarship to identify those clinical situations for which 3D Printing is considered an appropriate, and not appropriate, representation of the data contained in a medical imaging examination. Appropriateness consensus guideline generation The final recommendations were reviewed and vetted by all RSNA 3D printing SIG members. Relevant recommendations were further exposed to internal online discussion and summarized by a focused taskforce. The recommendations regarding medical image acquisition, image data preparation and manipulation, generation of 3D printed models, quality control, communication with referring physicians, preoperative planning using 3D printed models, and considerations regarding materials were discussed and summarized by members of the RSNA Special Interest Group for 3D Printing during several meetings, including on August 31 (Silver Spring, MD) and Decem(Chicago, IL) after review of the relevant medical 3D printing literature and the local clinical practice of representative members of the Special Interest Group. These recommendations create a foundational outline to provide practice recommendations for those steps required for medical 3D printing, including image acquisition, segmentation, printing, post-processing, and model verification. 3D printing of anatomical models within a hospital has recently become recognized as point-of-care manufacturing. This is not a review article instead of reviewing the literature or providing data regarding the clinical utility of medical 3D printing, the RSNA SIG has assembled a group of experts to begin to provide consensus recommendations on the practice of medical modeling and 3D printing, particularly for practice within healthcare facilities. This document differs from existing works, including case reports, small and larger studies, and 3D printing review articles in the literature. These include image acquisition, image segmentation (demarcation of the desired 3D anatomy), creating 3D-printable file types for each segmented part, printing, and post processing of 3D medical models. After the clinical decision to use 3D printing for patient care, there are many subsequent steps, as reviewed in prior literature. For many body parts, this document includes a comprehensive assessment of appropriateness from the medical literature, supplemented by expert opinion (SIG members) when there is a paucity of peer-review data. In its current state, medical 3D printing has been performed for a variety of patients, but without evidence-based appropriateness guidelines. This subcommittee is comprised of volunteer members of the SIG who form the writing group of this document. The guidelines subcommittee of the SIG will maintain and devote the time and effort necessary to continually develop and update these recommendations. These practice parameters and recommendations are not intended as comprehensive standards but do reflect several salient aspects of clinical anatomic modeling and appropriateness. This project also fills a previously unmet need for practice parameters/guidelines regarding the clinical service of anatomic modeling (3D Printing) described for proposed new billing codes, including those for the American Medical Association. This document fulfills two of the original SIG goals: to provide recommendations towards consistent and safe production of 3D printed models derived from medical images, and to describe a set of clinical scenarios for 3D printing is appropriate for the intended use of caring for patients with those medical conditions. In 2016, the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) approved a proposal to create the Special Interest Group on 3D Printing (SIG).
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